Why Is Abortion Legal in the United States

During the 1960s and early 1970s, U.S. states began to repeal their bans on abortion. In Roe v. Wade (1973), the U.S. Supreme Court stated that abortion bans were unconstitutional in every state, legalizing abortion throughout the United States. For those who believe that human personhood begins during the early stages of pregnancy, the Supreme Courts decision and the state law repeals that preceded it may seem horrific, cold, and barbaric. And it is very easy to find quotes from some pro-choicers who are completely unconcerned about the bioethical dimensions of even third-trimester abortions, or who have a callous disregard for the plight of women who do not want to have abortions  but are forced to do so for economic reasons. As we consider the issue of abortion—and all American voters, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, have an obligation to do so—one question dominates: Why is abortion legal in the first place? Personal Rights vs. Government Interests In the case of Roe v. Wade, the answer boils down to one of the personal rights versus legitimate government interests. The government has a legitimate interest in protecting the life of an embryo or fetus, but embryos and fetuses do not have rights themselves unless and until it can be determined that they are human persons. Women are, obviously, known human persons. They make up the majority of known human persons. Human persons have rights that an embryo or fetus does not have until its personhood can be established. For various reasons, the personhood of a fetus is generally understood to commence between 22 and 24 weeks. This is the point at which the neocortex develops, and it is also the earliest known point of viability—the point at which a fetus can be taken from the womb and, given the proper medical care, still have a meaningful chance of long-term survival. The government has a legitimate interest in protecting the potential rights of the fetus, but the fetus itself does not have rights prior to the viability threshold. So the central thrust of Roe v. Wade is this: Women have the right to make decisions about their own bodies. Fetuses, prior to viability, do not have rights. Therefore, until the fetus is old enough to have rights of its own, the womans decision to have an abortion takes precedence over the interests of the fetus. The specific right of a woman to make the decision to terminate her own pregnancy is generally classified as a privacy right implicit in the Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments, but there are other constitutional reasons why a woman has the right to terminate her pregnancy. The Fourth Amendment, for example, specifies that citizens have the right to be secure in their persons; the Thirteenth specifies that {n}either slavery nor involuntary servitude ... shall exist in the United States. Even if the privacy right cited in Roe v. Wade were dismissed, there are numerous other constitutional arguments that imply a womans right to make decisions about her own reproductive process. If abortion were in fact homicide, then preventing homicide would constitute what the Supreme Court has historically called a compelling state interest—an objective so important that it overrides constitutional rights. The government may pass laws prohibiting death threats, for example, despite the First Amendments free speech protections. But abortion can only be homicide if a fetus is known to be a person, and fetuses are not known to be persons until the point of viability. In the unlikely event that the Supreme Court were to overturn Roe v. Wade (see What if Roe v. Wade Were Overturned?), it would most likely do so not by stating that fetuses are persons prior to the point of viability, but instead by stating that the Constitution does not imply a womans right to make decisions about her own reproductive system. This reasoning would allow states to not only ban abortions  but also to mandate abortions if they so chose. The state would be given absolute authority to determine whether or not a woman will carry her pregnancy to term. Would a Ban Prevent Abortions? There is also some question as to whether or not a ban on abortions would actually prevent abortions. Laws criminalizing the procedure generally apply to doctors, not to women, which means that even under state laws banning abortion as a medical procedure, women would be free to terminate their pregnancies through other means—usually by taking drugs that terminate pregnancies but are intended for other purposes. In Nicaragua, where abortion is illegal, the ulcer drug misoprostol is often used for this purpose. Its inexpensive, easy to transport and conceal, and terminates the pregnancy in a manner that resembles a miscarriage—and it is one of literally hundreds of options available to women who would terminate pregnancies illegally. These options are so effective that, according to a 2007 study by the World Health Organization, abortions are just as likely to occur in countries where abortion is illegal as they are to occur in countries where abortion is not. Unfortunately, these options are also substantially more dangerous than medically-supervised abortions—resulting in an estimated 80,000 accidental deaths each year. In short, abortion is legal for two reasons: Because women have the right to make decisions about their own reproductive systems, and because they have the power to exercise that right regardless of government policy.

Global Strategies Of Mcdonald s Corporation And Starbucks...

This paper explores the global strategies of McDonald’s Corporation and Starbucks Corporation. An overview of the company histories is included along with the basic business philosophies. The focus of the paper is on the marketing strategies, both domestic and international, examining the marketing mix for each company. The four P’s of marketing are detailed with examples of how each company uses them to their advantage. The reasons for the successful global expansion of both companies are incorporated into the compiled information. A Look at the Global Marketing Strategies of McDonald’s and Starbucks McDonalds and Starbucks are two domestic companies that are very successful. Both have emerged first as leaders in their respective markets domestically, and because of that success have been able to grow and expanded into countries all over the world. This paper will examine these two companies from a global perspective in order to evaluate their marketing strategies, with a particular emphasis on how successful they have been in foreign markets. The paper will focus on how each company has applied the four P’s of price, product, place and promotion in their marketing mix, detailing how they are used gain an advantage in their respective markets. Finally, the paper will evaluate the success of these organizations in developing niches in their markets as compared to their competition. The first company examined is McDonald’s Corporation or McDonald’s as the brand name mostShow MoreRelatedEssay on Starbucks Strategic Plan1239 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive Summary Starbucks Corporation success in the coffee business has arguably been the most successful coffee chain in the past few decades. The company has been able to continue to attract customers even though they are not positioned as the lowest cost provider of coffee. 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Who Inspires Me Free Essays

Who Inspires Me? Seth has inspired me since the day we met. He is an amazing person and he has influenced me in a great way. He is sweet, loving, and caring. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Inspires Me or any similar topic only for you Order Now Seth is the kind of person that cares about everyone. He puts everyone before himself. Like the time I came home from school and I was really upset because something had happened. When I called Seth and told him what had happened he got really mad but, he hid the fact that he hid the fact that he was mad so I wouldn’t get upset. Seth loves everyone. The day we first met he came up and hugged me like I have known him my entire life. Seth doesn’t let the bad times get to him. He has had to deal with a lot of bad stuff in his life, but he still wakes up every morning with a smile on his face. Seth makes the best of everything. Seth knows how it feels to be upset because it is an often feeling for him, but even though he is upset h will put a smile on his face and act like nothing is wrong because he lives every day as if it were his last. Seth is an extremely funny person. He can make you laugh at the worst of times. Seth always has good advice. He always knows what to say to make you feel better. When I am around Seth it is nearly impossible for me to be upset. These are the reasons why in my eyes Seth is the most amazing boyfriend, brother, and friend. He is one of the most influential people in mylife. How to cite Who Inspires Me, Papers

Eaters Of The Dead Essay Example For Students

Eaters Of The Dead Essay Eaters of the Dead by Michael Crichton is a fiction but with historicalbackground. Through this piece Crichton hopes to express the way of life for theVikings in the year 922 AD while at the same time creating an entertainingstory. Using a manuscript written by Ibn-Fadlan Crichton pieced together a bookfilled with adventure and excitement. Michael Crichton was born in Chicago, 1942and always knew he had a talent for writing. He attended Brown University andhas since published many books such as Jurassic Park, The RisingSun, Disclosure, and many more. Several of his books have been madeinto movies, for example, Jurassic Park, The Lost World,Sphere, Congo, and Eaters of the Dead is coming to theatresthis summer starring Antonio Banderas. Michael Crichton is also the writer ofthe hit TV show ER. Ibn-Fadlan is a refined Arab courtier representing thepowerful Caliph of Baghdad and the whole story line is based on his travels. Heis a Muslim and is sent to the Bulgar land to instruct the ki ng in the Islamicreligion, acquaint the king with Islamic laws, and build a Mosque in the city. Little does Ibn-Fadlan know where his travels will lead him. Wyglif is thepresent chief of the Northmen (at the time) he has fallen ill and is believed tohave no chance of recovery. Once he dies, shortly after becoming ill, Buliwyf ismade the new leader. Buliwyf is a young noble chosen to be the Northmens newleader once Wyglif dies. He is a courageous warrior, very tall and strong, andskin, hair, and beard of pure white. Herger, one of the Northmen warriors, alsobecame Ibn-Fadlans friend. He helped him to translate the words of theNorthmen and also helped Ibn-Fadlan become accustomed to their way of life andhow to act around the Northmen. The Wendols are characters in the storywho, as told by Ibn-Fadlan, do not seem fully human. They ride on the back of ablack horse and have the head of a bear. They are extremely fierce warriors andare quite vindictive. They give off a stench so strong it hurts to breathebecause they consume human flesh and it is always on their breath. They comewith the mist, a dark fog that encircles the land when the Wendols come. MotherWendol is the leader of the wendols and said to be extremely old. To finallybeat the Wendols, one must kill her. She lives in the cave by the sea surroundedby coiled serpents all the time. She makes an almost painful sound when shescreams and smells the worst of them all. Ibn-Fadlan is an Ambassador to theCaliph of Baghdad and has been sent to teach the King of Bulgar the Islamic wayof life, and to build a Mosque in the city. On his way to Bulgar, he stops withhis party in the land of the Northmen. Being extremely hospitable people theywelcome the Arabs to their homes and provide them with food, clothing, andshelter for a few nights. As it so happens, their chief is very ill and whilethey are there, he dies. The Northmen will not let the Arabs leave their landuntil after the funeral and ceremonies. During this long process, kin of the newleader arrives and asks for the Northmens help in defeating the Wendols. According to the Angel of Death, an old woman said to have magical powers,thirteen warriors must go to the land of the wendol, one of them not being aNorthmen. Buliwyf, the chief of the Northmen demands Ibn-Fadlan to accompany themen in their battle and become the thirteenth warrior. He will not take no foran answer, and so, Ibn-Fadlans journey begins. Twelve other warriorsaccompanied Ibn, Buliwyf, Ecthgow, Higlak, Skeld, Weath, Roneth, Halga, Helfdane,Edgtho, Rethel, Haltaf, and Herger. With them, Ibn traveled across the oceansand fought many battles. Ibn learned their culture, way of life, and theirlanguage. He formed many friendships and gained a new perspective on life. .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b , .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b .postImageUrl , .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b , .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b:hover , .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b:visited , .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b:active { border:0!important; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b:active , .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4f5362653f72b3e140f027b92c48e2b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Biography Of Nataniel Hawthorne EssayThough there were many difficult tasks to accomplish but Ibn managed well anddidnt realize what he was really in for. Warned many times about the wendolsIbn shrugged it off. He didnt realize the severity of the situation he wasin. They fought the wendol several times, only killing off a few and pushing thesurviving wendol to want revenge. After being beaten badly, Buliwyf announcedtheir new plan, to attack the wendol at their core, Mother Wendol. They would goto the cliff above the cave and climb down, taking the back entrance in. Fromthere they would attack the wendol when they least expected it and hopefullykill their leader. Upon arr ival at the cliff, Ibn knew he was in for somethingextreme, just climbing down the cliff was something he thought would bring himto his death. One by one, the Northmen went down the cliff, with only the rockyshore below. Finally they reached the cave and attacked. After many wendol hadbeen killed, Buliwyf went for the mother wendol. He stabbed her many times, allthe while Ibn fought off the other wendols. No matter how many times she wasstabbed, mother wendol would not fall. Finally Buliwyf struck with the fatalblow and the mother wendol collapsed over dead. As Buliwyf turned around, theremaining warriors noticed a silver pin in his stomach that the mother wendolhad stuck into him. As he pulled it out, a gush of blood came with it, and afterbeing reassured of the slaves, horses and treasure he would be allowed to takeinto the afterlife, Buliwyf passed away. But the wendol came back. They knew ofthe Northmens leaders death and took advantage of the Northmens weakness. As Ibnput it no words can describe the final attack of the wendol in the mist, nowords will say what blood was spilled, what screams filled the thick air, whathorses and horsemen died in hideous agony After the day passed, and thedevastation was taken care of, Ibn remained with the Northmen for several weeks. After a while he began to long for his homeland and told the Northmen of hissituation. With a warm farewell the Northmen bade Ibn-Fadlan goodbye and senthim off to Baghdad, home at last. Eaters of the Dead was written in firstperson and was written in a positive manner. Even with all the death anddestruction the tale had its good times. Ibn conquered many demons, includingmost of his own. He had good times with the Northmen and learned so much, it wasa new experience and showed him a whole different point of view. The language inthe book was very formal and a lot of good vocabulary words were used. Dialectwas used in accordance with the Northmen tradition. The length of the book wasjust right, not to short or too long. It kept my interest the whole time. Ithink the book was well written and interesting. It had a lot of historicalinformation but was extremely entertaining at the same time. I gained a betterperspective on the way of life for a culture I never knew I would learn anythin gabout. Though they were different from us, the Vikings had many good attributesto their society and it intrigued me to learn about them.